Factors Affecting International Business Practices

International Business: International business basically involves all business transactions like the transfer of goods, services, capital, technology and managerial knowledge throughout the world. Similar to other businesses or trade, international business also incorporates the export and import of business items. There are various options for conducting business include starting a joint venture with an existing firm in the host nation, exporting goods and services, offering managerial services to firms in the host country, providing licenses to offer goods in the host country, and opening a branch in the host nation. Currently, most of the social and economic changes across the world have originated from globalization. Liberalization of Cross-border Transfer of Goods, Services, and Resources: One of the major factors that have acted as the driving force for the modern global economy is trade liberalization or the movements of goods, services, and resources. In the past few years, international business has been characterized by trade liberalization agreements that promote the movements of goods and services past international borders and with few limitations. The commencement of trade liberalization in international business was also stimulated by the increased interest by countries in the relationship between trade and sustainable development. Many governments in the modern world are liberalizing cross-border movements of goods, services, and resources because ofShow MoreRelatedFactors Affecting Recruitment and Training in International Business1225 Words   |  5 PagesExplain some of the factors which may affect recruitment and training in an international business. Recruitment and training are two essential and unavoidable aspects of multinational firms. 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The Things People Forget in the Heat of the Moment Free Essays

The task of instructing adolescents about sex has been seen as the responsibility of the parents for many years. But, parent-child communication in sexual matters may be hindered by parental inhibitions or by various intergenerational tensions. Children often times do not receive information on sexual matters from their parents, at least initially. We will write a custom essay sample on The Things People Forget in the Heat of the Moment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Due to sex related information available to children through mass media, the education board has deemed it necessary to evaluate and change sexual education. The course work has evolved drastically from the idea of teaching merely about sexual reproduction and focusing on abstinence. Rather, now it is important to deal with sex-related topics in the media through more sophisticated and comprehensive programs, deemed necessary to institute in the public school system. This of course has brought about several conflicting views about the course work within the program, raising social and ethical questions here and there. Although the idea of educating such young people about sex is viewed as strange, or as wrong, or even as immoral entirely, it is necessary for the well being of young people to be educated about these matters. Failing to teach young people about sex is like playing a ‘friendly† game of Russian Roulette; the risks are vast, danger is unknown, and death may stare one in the face. Often times failing to teach properly the risks of something causes a lack of knowledge, almost like ignorance, especially regarding the subject of sex. Disastrous consequences can come about because of insignificant information about sex and sex relations. For example, thoughts of pregnancy surface with the lack of protection, but additionally, risks include the possibility of venereal disease spread, such as Gonorrhea, Syphilis, or HIV, in the absence of contraceptives. These serious circumstances are often taken lightly when in ‘the mood† and one must be educated fairly well to understand the extreme importance of safety. This safety may include birth control or forms of contraceptives like male or female condoms, to ensure that one’s health is never undermined at any cost. Lack of monogamy and smart sexual relations has made it imperative to take ‘safety precautions†, as comical as it may sound, to ensure that one†s health is not jeopardized. In similarity, Russian Roulette is a game of risks, much like sex. Although the stakes are rather different, sex of late and Russian Roulette alike are merely gambling with one†s life. It seems it might be wiser to choose the latter as a means of destruction. After all, a life stricken with some disease associated with sex can have disastrous effects on one’s physical body. For instance, John, an eighteen-year-old freshman at the University of Pennsylvania illustrates this perfectly. He was diagnosed two years ago with a virus he can never be rid of. Diagnosed at the age of sixteen with herpes simplex one, he lives a stressful life, often ridiculed because of constant outbreaks of sores, not only on his genitals, but also in and around his mouth. He dreads the next outbreak everyday, and wishes with every frequent recurrence he had taken the extra ten seconds to put on a condom, for if he had done so, life would be more pleasant (â€Å"FAQ About Genital Herpes†). In addition, take for example Maria. Maria is a junior at Lake Springs High School. She too had a sexual encounter she wishes she could take back. One evening at a party, she drank a few drinks, and before she knew it, she was having intercourse with a man she hardly knew; she couldn†t even recall his name. Now, Maria endures extensive treatment weekly of AZT to hinder the debilitating effects HIV has on her body. She will grow weaker until the day she dies, all because of an unprotected sex act (â€Å"Education†). This information heightens the need for education regarding the proper care and safety precautions one must take when sexually active with another person. With the game of Russian Roulette, though, just one pull of the trigger and there are 1 in 6 chances, one swift blow. In addition, cases exist of Russian Roulette players who are uneventful in killing themselves, yet do serious damage to their brain, causing them to be quadriplegic. Teaching the dangers about sex is not an easy task. No easier is learning to accept consequences, but these must be taught during adolescence for it to be better embedded within one†s thoughts. In addition, danger regarding sex coincides with the risks one takes when the decision to consummate a relationship is made. Teaching youth about the risk of pregnancy and the likelihood of contracting one of a vast array of diseases that range from completely curable with little discomfort, to long, drawn out, and debilitating incurable diseases one must endure the entirety of their life. One could say that a person walking down the street each day puts himself or herself in danger; that there are risks everywhere, and this need not be taught at school, for it is common knowledge. This may be true, but the idea that one can protect themselves from potential danger just by being informed should be basis enough to incorporate a more advanced sexual education course curriculum in the public schooling system. For instance, instead of focusing on abstinence, which is purely opinion, focus on the fact that by the age of 15, more than 18% of U. S. teens have experienced sexual encounters and that by the age of 20, 40% of Caucasian women have conceived at least one child (â€Å"Causes, Incidence, and Risk Factors†). Focus also on the likelihood of contracting a sexually transmitted disease; focus on the facts, focus on the statistics. Take Russian Roulette for comparison to these dangers associated with sex. Potential dangers are obvious; holding a gun to one†s head and pulling the trigger, the danger seems quite substantial. This means of suicide can be compared to that of unprotected sex. One can illuminate the idea of unprotected sex as a way to commit suicide. A person not knowing the dangers of sex, and a person holding a gun up to one†s head, not thinking that there could be a bullet within the pistol display the same ignorance. The lack of information or education about these two instances could be devastating. Knowing the dangers, but still taking the risk, sex seems a lot like the game of Russian Roulette. Proposals need to be made to fulfill both parents and adolescent concerns in addition to societal needs to incorporate a more advanced form of sexual education. Perhaps issuing more of a homework-based class via an Internet website could fulfill these concerns. The idea in mind would be to lessen a student†s awkwardness of a classroom setting, yet still understanding the necessary material presented. This being beneficial because students are still learning about the subject matter and it would increase a parent†s morale about this course matter, for their children are learning about sex within their home rather than in a classroom, where sexual tensions may be embarrassing. Another proposal is to include the curriculum within already established courses. Academics such as English and History can hold intimate classroom conversation about this subject matter relevant to course curriculum. This means of incorporating the sexual education material within required classes would guarantee that sexual education be at least introduced to these younger individuals. It is not necessarily automatic that one will contract a venereal or sexually transmitted disease, neither is it definite that when the trigger is pulled, the bullet will come raging through for a short journey through the skull. The risks are there though; the danger is there. Without an education to outline these risks and dangers, the results a lack of education would be devastating to society. How to cite The Things People Forget in the Heat of the Moment, Papers

Positive Leadership A Case Of Mc Donalds

Question: Describe about the Positive Leadership for A Case Of Mc Donalds? Answer: Introduction Leaders in an organisation are known for applying strategies aimed at leading the entire organisation to higher level of success. Strategic management and leadership are closely integrated terms as they imply the attainment of organisational goals through the leaders applying their leadership abilities in strategically managing organisational resources. The leaders are required to apply different important leadership styles aimed at achieving the strategic organisational goals in a positive manner. However, a combination of both the management and leadership approaches need to be considered by the leaders so that they can ensure the positive accomplishment of organisational goals. It is not only the consideration of appropriate leadership styles, but their appropriate application is also quite crucial from the point of view of accomplishing organisational goals in a highly efficient manner (Northouse, 2012). This report is aimed at analysing different important aspects related to leadership and management at McDonald so that the strategic organisational goals are positively accomplished. In accomplishing the analysis, the focus will initially be towards understanding the relationship that exist between strategic management and leadership at McDonald and this is followed by an application of management and leadership theories in supporting organisational decisions. The analysis will also include an assessment of the leadership requirements at McDonald, and finally, there will be a critical analysis in relation to planning and developing leadership skills within organisation. Relationship between Strategic Management and Leadership at McDonald Link between strategic management and leadership and impact of leadership styles on McDonald Martin (2006) stated that strategic management is the process of identifying the major organisational objectives, policies and plans that will help the organisation in attainment of the long-term profit levels. Strategic leadership is necessary for the attainment of the strategic objectives because the strategic leadership tactics involves the use of proper vision and motivational skills to ensure timely attainment of the strategic objectives. DuBrin (2008) stated that strategic leadership is the process of taking responsibility for the future and the present strategic objectives of the organisation. Thus, the primary goal of a strategic leader is to evaluate the business conditions, analyse the external and internal business environments and lead the employees as per the changing global trends. As per Forbes, the market share of Mc Donald in USA, has decreased to 22.1% due to the high saturation of the market and the presence of the large number of competitors like KFC, Burger King etc. Thus in order to increase the market share Mc Donald has adopted the following strategies: Internalisation and focus on sale of products in emerging markets (Cameron, 2012) Offering a wider variety of food for attracting of more customer segments Innovating the interiors of the stores and making the stores more visually attractive Introduction of the niche products like Chicken McBites in the global market Sperry (2013) stated that the leadership style determines the way in which the strategies of the organisation are to be achieved. For the strategic development of Mc Donald, the retail food chain needs to adopt different leadership styles suiting the different strategic situations within the company. The major focus of the leaders within Mc Donald should be on the adoption of the situational, persuasive and participative leadership style. In the present context, Mc Donald operates based on democratic leadership style. The open culture within Mc Donald has helped the food chain to maintain work flexibility and reduce the communication gap between the employers and the employees. However, Schein (2010) argued that in order to fulfil the strategic objectives concerning the global expansion and the innovation with the product line, Mc Donald will required in corporation of innovative leadership, adaptability skills and persuasive leadership style. Evaluation of adoption of leadership styles in different situations Cameron (2012) stated that apart from the democratic leadership style, the leaders within Mc Donald should adopt different situational leadership style to solve the strategic goals. For focus on internalisation and emerging markets, the management of Mc Donald should adopt the global and charismatic leadership style. For attainment of success in the emerging markets, the management at Mc Donald needs to adopt a global leadership strategy. Wood and Brotherton (2008) stated that a global leader should have prior industry experience, global strategic thinking, good forecasting ability, flexibility and should be highly sensitive to cultural diversity. Mc Donald has also adopted innovative strategy with respect to introduction of new products within the existing product line. McDonald has strategized to introduce new products like McBites, which are comparable to chicken popcorns of KFC (Goodridge, 2006). The innovation strategy needs to be implemented long with a process of change management within Mc Donald. Thus, the adoption of persuasive leadership style is necessary in this context. The adoption of these skills will help the management of Mc Donald to persuade the employees in adoption of the changes within the organisation. Apart from these leadership styles, Mc Donald should also adopt the participative leadership style within the organisation because adoption of participative leadership within the internal employee relations will help Mc Donald to maintain open culture and open communication within the retail food stores. Moreover, the participation of the employees decision with regard to the new strategies and new produc t development will encourage the employees and make the employees feel important within the organisational context (Sindell and Hoang, 2001). Application of Management and Leadership Theory to support McDonalds decisions Identification of selected management and leadership theories and their impact on strategy of Mc Donald Goodridge (2006) leadership theories show cases the different types of leadership styles that should be adopted by the management of the organisation for the attainment of the strategic goals. Lussier and Achua (2009) stated that transformational leadership theory states that the leader should be in charge of identifying the strategic objectives, vision and the creative changes that should be incorporated within the organisations. The adoption of the transformational leadership style within Mc Donald will help the management of Mc Donald to create future strategies and growth visions. The international expansion strategies and the product line expansion strategies are a result of the transformational leadership theory. London (2001) stated that transactional leadership theory involves motivating and providing necessary directions to the followers for achievement of the strategic goals. However, Northouse (2012) stated that in transactional leadership it is employees are motivated by reward and punishment and it is the duty of the sub ordinates to follow all the orders of the leaders without questioning the capability of the leaders. Thus, adoption of transactional style endangers the internal relationship between the employees and the superiors. In Mc Donald, the management avoids adoption of transactional style since open communication culture is generally followed in Mc Donald. Mc Donald highly depended on adoption of the participative leadership style and allowed the suggestions of all level of employees in terms of decision-making. However, as per Forbes, the strategic failure of Mc Donald marketing strategies like-the text message discount coupons, Food chain finder app and the introduction of the McVeggi for the vegetarian customer segment, questioned the leadership strategy within the retail food chain. London (2001) stated that in this context high degree of participative leadership strategy threatens the attainment of the organisational objectives since participative style does not encourage work schedule. The charismatic leadership theory states that leaders adopting this style are able to influence and persuade the employees to work according to their wish without being aggressive. Thus, Mc Donald should suitably adopt the persuasive or charismatic leadership style so that the open culture can be maintained and the organisational objectives can be achieved effectively. Martin (2006) in this regard added that as per the contingency leadership theory, the leaders should possess two major types of qualities namely maintaining a good rapport with the employees and secondly the leaders should be capable of planning, scheduling and role assignment so that the organisational objectives are attained within the given deadline. In context of achieving the above stated objectives, Mc Donal d should also resort to adoption of the contingency leadership style. Leadership Strategy supporting direction of Mc Donald The internalisation and product diversification strategy of Mc Donald requires high degree of flexibility, situational decisions and good degree of forecasting power in terms of the leaders and the management of Mc Donald. Thus, Morrill (2010) stated that adoption of Global and situational leadership style is favourable for the food retailer at the present context. The adoption of the situational leadership style will help the management of Mc Donald to change the product introduction decisions, pricing decisions and selection of the target market as per the changing business environment. Further, the adoption of the global leadership style will help the management of Mc Donald to effectively expand in the international markets. The Global leaders generally exhibit high degree of forecasting ability and have prior market experience. For expansion in the emerging markets like China, Asia and Japan, the leaders within Mc Donald requires to have customer preference of the respective mar kets. This will help them to determine the demand for the Mc Donald products and frame the pricing strategies accordingly. Assessment of the current leadership requirements of Mc Donald Current leadership requirements in Mc Donald The overall restaurant industry is currently yielding low profit margins and loosing the market share due to the cheaper rate of the food items offered in the emerging restaurants of the developing countries. The restaurants in the developing countries are generally getting the low labour cost and thus are able to adopt low pricing strategy in terms of the food items offered by these restaurants. Mc Donald in 2013 faced the same problem, which triggered the necessity of adoption of a new leadership style within Mc Donald. At present, Mc Donald uses democratic leadership style. The democratic leadership style is good for the organisation because the open communication can be maintained within Mc Donald. However, Morrill (2010) stated that democratic leadership would not help Mc Donald to attain the strategic objectives, which are set by the fast food retail chain. Thus, keeping the current context in mind the Mc Donald requires the following leadership qualities for the attainment of the strategic goals: High degree of flexibility and situational handling of the functions Situational leadership strategies Employee management and motivational skills High degree of creative skills Future leadership requirements in Mc Donald In terms of determination of the future leadership strategy, it may be recommended, Mc Donald in future should adopt the persuasive leadership style. The adoption of the persuasive leadership style will help the management of Mc Donald to interact freely with the employees and conduct the objectives within the given schedule and timeline. There are situations within Mc Donald that requires emergency attainment of marketing objectives. In such situations it is necessary for the management to adopt the persuasive leadership style so that using the charisma and the good communication skills the leader can motivate the employees and help them to attain the organisational objective within the given time schedule. Moreover, London (2001) stated that the company has franchisees on a global basis, hence the management of Mc Donald should be able to manage and co ordinate the functions of all the franchisees successfully. In this regard, Mc Donald should adopt centralisation strategy and tran sformational leadership style in future. High cultural diversity is also present within the employees of Mc Donald. Thus, it is necessary for leaders at Mc Donald to adopt a participative leadership style so that decisions can be obtained from all levels of employees. Moreover, the adoption of the participative leadership style will ensure the presence of open communication and a congenial environment within the organisation. Morrill (2010) thus stated that future strategic success of Mc Donald would largely depend on the adoption of the people leadership style. Employee satisfaction is a key factor to implement the internalisation policies within Mc Donald. Thus, the future leadership strategies should focus on employee developmental programs like training and development and mentoring programs (London, 2001). Conclusion In this report, a critical assessment has been carried out with respect to different important aspects related to leadership and the performance of analysis has indicated significant level of findings. It has been analysed that there has been positive existence of relationship between strategic management and strategic leadership in McDonald, as they aim at accomplishing organisational tasks and responsibilities in a positive manner. With respect to the current and future strategic objectives of Mc Donald, the adoption of situational leadership styles like persuasive leadership, charismatic leadership and democratic leadership strategies should be successfully incorporated within the food chain. There are different leadership styles that are being practiced by the leaders and they are aimed at handling different situations in a highly efficient manner. The analysis also leads to identification that there are certain important management and leadership theories that could be applied i n efficiently managing the leaders role within McDonald. The development of efficient leadership strategy has also been carried out with a view to support organisational direction in an efficient manner. The analysis also leads to identification of the current leadership requirements that must be addressed by the leader, and there is also an identification of the future major requirements that are also required to be considered by the leader in performing their role efficiently in future. Finally, there has been the planning being carried out with respect to development of leadership skills for a specific requirement of addressing employees within organisation and it is evaluated that the leader is required to consider large number of methods in ensuring the efficient development of leadership skills within McDonald. References Cameron, K. (2012), Positive Leadership: Strategies for Extraordinary Performance, Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Corporate Social Responsibility: Challenges, Opportunities and Strategies for 21st Century Leaders DuBrin, A. (2008), Essentials of Management, 8th ed., Cengage Learning. Goodridge, D. (2006), Relationships Between Transformational and Transactional Leadership with the Motivation of Subordinates, Concordia University (Canada). London, M. (2001), Leadership Development: Paths To Self-insight and Professional Growth, Psychology Press. Lussier, R. and Achua, C. (2009), Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 4th ed., Cengage Learning. Morrill, R.L. (2010), Strategic Leadership: Integrating Strategy and Leadership in Colleges and Universities, Rowman Littlefield Publishers. Mello, J. (2014), Strategic Human Resource Management, 4th ed., Cengage Learning. Martin, B. (2006), Outdoor Leadership: Theory and Practice, Human Kinetics. Northouse, P.G. (2012), Leadership: Theory and Practice, SAGE Publications. Okpara, J. and Idowu, S. O. (2013), CSR, Sustainability, Ethics Governance, Springer Science Business Media. Schein, E.H. (2010), Organizational Culture and Leadership, 4th ed., John Wiley Sons. Sperry, L. (2013), Effective Leadership: Strategies for Maximizing Executive Productivity and Health, Routledge. Sindell, M. and Hoang, T. (2001), Leadership Development: Management Development, American Society for Training and Development. Wood, R.C. and Brotherton, B. (2008), The SAGE Handbook of Hospitality Management, SAGE.

Using the example (simplified) bank balance sheet below show and explain why the Leverage And Capital Ratios are changed as a result of a 6m write-down in mortgages Essay Example

Using the example (simplified) bank balance sheet below show and explain why the Leverage And Capital Ratios are changed as a result of a 6m write-down in mortgages Essay The initial balance sheet shows that the total equity is  £16m and the total asset is  £305m. After the written-down of  £6m on mortgages, the mortgages have converted  £120m into  £114m so that the new total assets change to  £299m. In addition, due to the decrease of total assets, the total equity also turned into  £10m In order to make the total equity equal to total assets. As we know, the formula of leverage ratio and capital ratio is: Leverage ratio= Total Equity/Total Assets *100% We will write a custom essay sample on Using the example (simplified) bank balance sheet below show and explain why the Leverage And Capital Ratios are changed as a result of a 6m write-down in mortgages specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Using the example (simplified) bank balance sheet below show and explain why the Leverage And Capital Ratios are changed as a result of a 6m write-down in mortgages specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Using the example (simplified) bank balance sheet below show and explain why the Leverage And Capital Ratios are changed as a result of a 6m write-down in mortgages specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Capital ratio= Total Equity/Risk-adjusted assets *100% So, as the changing of total equity and total assets, the leverage ratio also change at the same time. Due to the changing of mortgages, the risk-adjusted assets of mortgages also change so that the total risk-adjusted assets turned into  £191m compared with previously figure  £194m. Therefore, capital ratio has changed attributable to changing of total risk-adjusted assets. In a word, the leverage ratio and capital ratio are changed as a result of a  £6m write-down in mortgages. Part B: In the event that this write-down in mortgage assets was widespread; explain what measures all banks would have to take in order to rebuild their capital ratios back to the required minimum of 8%. Answer: 1. The first method is by increasing total equity (with no change in risk-adjusted assets) 1. As we know, the capital ratio = total equity/ risk-adjusted assets *100% From the table, we can see the current capital ratio=5.24%.the target capital ratio =8%.given the risk-adjusted assets  £191, we suppose to find how much total equity is need to achieve capital ratio of 8%? Assume X=total equity. 8%=X/ £191m*100% X= £15.28m. In conclusion, total equity most increase to  £15.28m to achieve the capital ratio of 8% with no change in risk-adjusted assets. 1. From the table we can see, given the bank has £10 in total equity. From 1 X is given  £15.28m. X- £10m= £15.28m- £10m= £5.28m. In conclusion, bank needed additional equity  £5.28m from the existing equity of  £10m to achieve the total equity of  £15.28m so that the capital ratio of 8% can be achieved. 1. The second method is by decreasing risk-adjusted assets (with no change in equity) 1. With no change in equity, we calculate the total risk-adjusted assets. Using  £10m in equity The total risk-adjusted assets= £10m/8% *100%= £125m. In conclusion, assume total equity is fixed; the total risk-adjusted assets have to decrease to  £125m in order to achieve the capital ratio of 8% 1. Form the table, we can see, current risk-adjusted asset = £191m and the target risk-adjusted asset = £125m. The change of risk-adjusted asset =new risk-adjusted assets-old risk-adjusted assets= £125m-  £191m=- £66m. In conclusion: the total risk-adjusted assets must reduce by  £66m in order to get  £125m so that the capital ratio of 8% can be achieved. 2. We now have to change the composition of Assets to make risk-adjusted assets= £125m Because the risk weight of loans and advances is 100%. We need to make it smaller, old loans and advances= £125m, new loans and advances=old loans and advances +changes in composition of assets= £125m+ (- £66m) = £59m. In conclusion, to achieve the value of risk-adjusted asset= £125m, we need to reduce the loans and advances by £66m in order to get the new loans and advances = £59m 1. In order to achieve liabilities=assets, we also need to change the value of cash in tills. New cash in tills balance= current cash in tills + change in composition of assets= £5m+ £66m= £71m. In conclusion, to achieve the value of risk-adjusted asset= £125m, we not only need to reduce the loans and advances, but also need to increase the cash in tills by  £66m in order to get the new cash in tills = £71m. By reduce the loans advances and increase the cash, which will reduce the lending. The liquidity ratio will increase lead to the credit crisis. [C]New balance sheet with the capital ratio of 8% Liabilities  £m Assets  £m Risk Weighting Risk Adjusted Assets ( £m) Deposits Cash Current accounts 195 Cash in Tills 71 (0%) 0 Time deposits 94 Money at call 5 (0%) 0 Total Liabilities 289 Available for sale assets Gove Bonds ; Bills 10 (10%) 1 Other Bonds ; Bills 40 (20%) 8 Equity Shareholder Capital 7 Other assets Retained Profits 3 Loans and Advances 59 (100%) 59 Mortgages 114 (50%) 57 Total Equity 10 Total Liabilities + Equity 299 Total Assets 299 Total Risk- Adjusted 125 UK Liquidity Ratio 3.34% Leverage Ratio 3.34% Capital Ratio 8% Part C: Explain how, in rebuilding capital ratios, aggregate demand will change, as a result the economy as a whole, could slide into recession. Answerà ¯Ã‚ ¼ The bank starts to rebuild the capital ratios by reducing the risk-adjusted assets. Under the reducing the risk—adjusted assets, it will change the composition of the assets by reducing the loans ; advances and increasing cash in tills. It will cause the overflow of the liquidity. Bank is suddenly reducing profitability. Loans become lesser and lesser to firms, individuals and so on. The bank refused to give loans to others in order to rebuild the capital ratio to achieve a higher figure, which will cause the credit crisis. Assuming the entire bank do that, the aggregate will fall due to the falling of the consumption of domestically produced goods ; services and the investment. All of these are depend on loans. For people, they want to take loans from banks by buying cars and house. They also want to pay the educational fees. For the firms, they are in trouble they cannot finance the loans. Sometimes, they don’t have enough money to buy the new equipment and pay the sa lary to their employees, so they take loans from banks, the issue is they cannot take enough loans from banks so as to firms are tending to make less investment. Due to rebuilding capital ratio, banks don’t want to give loans to others, the Cd will fall down. As a result, the economic will go into the recession. The economic will experience a huge fall in terms of their aggregate demand. Also, the banks start to rebuild the capital ratio by increasing the equity. Through increasing retained profit, it can delay the payment of dividends and increase its loans rates ; bank charges, or by laying off staff and closing underperforming branches so that it will cause the increasing of the unemployment rate and reducing spending. Everything is tending to fall. Spending lesser and lesser, the aggregate demand will fall. Thus, GDP will fall leading to the recession.

Politics of Western Europe Essays - Michael Ignatieff, Free Essays

Politics of Western Europe Essays - Michael Ignatieff, Free Essays Politics of Western Europe November 17, 1994 Politics of Western Europe BLOOD AND BELONGING This is a critique of the book, Blood and Belonging, by Michael Ignatieff. This paper will explain the subject of the book and its relevance, discuss Michael Ignatieff's methods and conclusions on the subject and finally include a personal critique of the book by the author of this paper. The author of the book travels on what he terms "the six journeys." On these "journeys" he encounters different cultures, as he travels to six different coinciding areas of the world. He examines the unique expression of nationalism that each populace displays by interviewing various members of that particular society. The six areas that he travels to are specifically chosen for the clarity which nationalism is expressed in society. Nationalism is a factor contributing toward both present possible future instability in these areas. These areas are former Yugoslavia (specifically Croatia and Serbia), Germany, Ukraine, Quebec, Kurdistan and Northern Ireland. According to Ignatieff, in Croatia and Serbia there is a desire for a separate identity between the two nations. The fear of losing one's national identity has caused ethnic hatred. A terror so strong and historically persistent, it has driven people to a desperate state to do anything. This is a large contributor to the reasons for the extreme violence present there today. The author states, "A Croat, thus, is someone who is not a Serb. A Serb is someone who is not a Croat." This quotation profoundly expresses the short-sighted mentality present in their conflict. In his travels in Germany, the author points out an important question. Does the nation make the state, or the state the nation? This question by far does not stop here, especially when Germany is the subject. The essence of the German people is seen by some as aggressive and offensive, thus the existence of the German problem. If the nation makes the state then Germany will always be a threat. If the state makes the nation, then the aggressive nature of the German nation, which lead the world into two global wars, can be harnessed and redirected. The question has its roots and answers in the recent reunification of Germany. The Ukraine is concerned with not being Russian. It is here Ignatieff receives a complete vision of what nationalism is. He states, "I understand what nationalism really is: the dream that a whole nation could be like a congregation; singing the same hymns, listening to the same gospel, sharing the same emotions, linked not only to each other but to the dead buried beneath their feet." Quebec is a model that presents a possible future of the state system. Ignatieff uses the example of Quebec to illustrate the relationship between nationalism and federalism. He implies that "if federalism fails in Canada it can fail anywhere." If the balance between "ethnic and civil principles" is not maintained in Canada, who is not an impoverished country and has a large, successful economy; then perhaps the modern world has not transcended the grasps of nationalism. The Kurds represent a nation without a state, who find themselves surrounded by other nations who are more aggressive nationalists. The term Kurdistan is a definition of the areas used by Ignatieff to explain the area of major Kurdish populace concentration. There is no real borders, no flag, no government and Kurds must acknowledge the state in which they reside (i.e., - Syria, Turkey, Iran and Iraq), of which, is not Kurdistan. Finally, the sixth journey ends in Northern Ireland. He makes the observation that this is the ideal place to conclude his project. Northern Ireland contains a recurrence of the themes that seemed so prevalent in the other journeys. In Ireland ethnicity, religion and politics are all bound into one expression or identity. These are also evident in the five previous studies. Is Michael Ignatieff's work relevant? The answer to this question is, yes it is. The issue is important. Nationalism presents itself as a phenomenon. The questions of why people need to retain a cultural identity and the way they go about preserving it is still unanswerable. Evermore unfathomable is the violence permeated through nationalistic expressions, which are "necessary" by the parties involved. The very existence of the enigma

Cavalier Poetry

Cavalier Poetry is an early 17th century movement centered chiefly on Thomas Carew, Robert Herrick, Richard Lovelace, Henry Vaughn and John Suckling. Ben Jonson admired most of these poets. Cavalier Poetry takes its name from the supporters of King Charles I in the 17th century. These supporters at this period were called the Cavaliers; They were royalists during the civil wars. Aspect of Literary characteriscs, Cavalier Poetry is different from metaphysical poetry because it does not use complicated metaphors and unrealistic imagery. It prefers a rather clear expression. Although It did not confuse readers with deep meaning and allegory It reflected every thought. Its subject was mostly related to carpe diem (meaning seize the day). Using of direct language is the most common characteristic of Cavalier Poetry. This states a fairly individualistic personality. While writing, the Cavaliers admit the ideal of the Renaissance Gentleman who is a soldier, a lover, clever, a musician, and a poet. However They keep away from the religion subject except making several graceful speeches. They do not try understand depths of soul. Indeed, they treat life freely, and occasionally they treat poetic canvention freely, as well. Life is too enjoyable for them in a study. They must write the poems in intervals of living and their poems reflect things which are much alive and enjoyable than philosophy or art. English Lyrical Tradition was contributed by the Cavaliers. They displayed us that it was probable for poetry celebrating the small pleasures and sadnesses of life. The most comman format of poetry that comes to mind is a typical example of the Cavalier thought structure.

Music of the Disenfranchised & How it Changed the Nation Essay

Music of the Disenfranchised & How it Changed the Nation - Essay Example With this, Steel then succumbs to the 3d images and chooses the ones behind Titan are NOT them. As the show is carried out, Octus and Ilana rout the animal. The one day from now, the band concludes that they are well known due to Lance, and kick him out. Spear educates the two regarding this, however Ilana demands he is still a great musical artist, and afterward gets the thought of beginning their band at the "Galactic Trio". Whats more as Ilana is discussing what parts the three can play, the scene closes. The method for world is the way in which individuals commonly act or things ordinarily happen (Strayer, 2-3). In this disappointed music, the conventional spectator is invested with significant intelligence and information of the method for the world she was knowledgeable in the methods for the world before she had taken the cover/ he was amazingly blameless of the methods for the

English Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

English - Article Example The author is strongly against the state and other forces censoring the entertainment industry. He cites The Ed Sullivan Show as having been one of the greatest shows to suffer under the US suppressive policies in the 1960s. The author concludes by stating that the US democratic policies are always conflicting with freedom of artistic expression citing the barring of music composers and performers from performing as an example. Although Dylan made himself a name by his song ‘Talking’, he never realized his ambition of airing it in The Ed Sullivan Show. Though plans were underway for the particular single, Dylan never received an invitation. Thereafter, the organizers urged him to change his remove the song from the playlist, stating that it had some defamatory elements. Dylan blatantly objected to this kind of censorship, a decision that cost him all the concerts. Despite the fact that several radio and TV stations banned a popular single by the Rolling Stones, it finally gained unprecedented popularity in 1967. The Rolling Stones decides to work beyond the barrier of Censorship to launch their single "Lets Spend the Night Together" on The Ed Sullivan Show. This relentless attitude enhanced their status as artistic icons. Owing to the fact that in 1967, few groups had singles like the Doors, the Doors were undoubtedly more famous than any other group at the time. Their first hiccup started when their maiden performance at Monterey backfired followed by a series of concert cancellation by either the police or the promoters. The concerned parties cited gross misconduct and ‘indecent’ content as responsible for massive censorship of their music. Although the three examples were not the only reported cases on censorship on the US entertainment industry, the TV broadcast they received made them more pronounced. Particularly justifies is the Rock and Roll Style that most conservatives considered offensive and against the acceptable norms.

Mandatory Minimum Sentences and Drug Policy Reform Essay Example for Free

Mandatory Minimum Sentences and Drug Policy Reform Essay The use of mandatory minimums within our judicial system is not winning the war on drugs. This country needs drug law reforms to turn the tide on the war on drugs, and minimize their impact on our society. This comes from rehabilitation programs that are more effective and less costly for our government. Introduction Our country has gone to extremes to try and win the war on drugs. There is no evidence to show that they have made any real impact in ending or even lowering the use of drugs in this country. In1986 the federal government enacted mandatory minimum drug sentences. These laws force judges to comply with a minimum prison sentence based on the nature of the drug crime. By doing this, the federal government has tied the hands of our judges to use their judgment depending on the case. Their argument for this is it will deter people from committing drug crimes in the future. My argument is that we are treating an addiction which needs both medical and psychological help to resolve, not longer prison sentences. Argument for Mandatory Minimums In 1986 mandatory minimums were enacted to put an end to the cocaine and crack epidemic that was going on in our nation’s inner cities. The focus was if they could apprehend the drug kingpins and lock them away for many years in prison, they would lose their realm of control of the drug world. The reality of the situation is that many gang leaders are in prison today, and have just as much control over the drug trade as they did when they were free men. Many say that the laws have inadvertently become a racial problem within this country. Laws on mandatory minimum sentences are much harsher on crack than cocaine. Since crack is predominantly used among African Americans within this country, they received much harsher punishments than cocaine users who are predominantly white. Argument against Mandatory Minimums We are not simply dealing with a bad behavior that is a scourge on society. We are dealing with extremely addictive drugs that a prison sentence will do almost no good in helping people kick their habits, and thus their old way of life. These people need medical and psychiatric help in order to rehabilitate them into the nine to five taxpaying Americans that our country wants them to be. Many drug dealers started out as users and began to sell the drug in order to pay for their own habit. Mandatory minimum prison sentences for people who are sadly destroying their lives to maintain their own personal habit are not going to be reformed in our nation’s prisons. Most of the people within our prison system are their because of non-violent drug crimes. They are not horrible people who are their because of rape, murder, armed robbery, etc†¦ People who argue in favor of mandatory minimum sentences for drug offenses say it is working by putting dealers behind bars. The fact is though that most of the people behind bars due to these laws are low level dealers. â€Å"In fiscal year 2005, 61. 5% of all federal crack cocaine defendants were low-level offenders such as mules or street dealers. Only 8. 4% were high-level dealers. † (Mandatory Minimums) Mandatory minimums only go by the weight of the substance that you were selling. It is clear by this data that the weights set in our current laws do not target high-level dealers as well as they were intended to. Rehabilitation Centers vs. Prison Rehabilitation of our country’s drug users not only has a higher success rate than that of our prisons, it is also more cost efficient. It is what you refer to as a win-win. The amount of people within our jail and prison systems is estimated to be above six million people. Approximately half of these inmates used drugs regularly the month prior to their apprehension. It is fair to say then that nearly half of our prison population is candidates for drug rehabilitation programs rather than prison systems. The average cost for incarcerating an individual for a year is $20,000. The average cost of treatment at a rehabilitation center is around $9,000. It currently costs our government around one billion dollars annually to incarcerate its prison population. By taking the half of the prison population that are habitual users and putting them in treatment centers, the government could save a quarter of a million dollars a year. Not only that, but the repeat offender rate for those that have gone through the treatment centers is only a fourth of that for prison sentences. Drug courts are a new movement going across our nation. A court system set up to deal with drug crimes only. Drug courts are set up to give first time offenders a second chance. Conditions of sentencing typically involve mandatory drug testing along with therapy. If first time offenders can successfully complete the treatment program in most cases their crime is removed from their criminal record. Since many first time offenders are juveniles or young adults, this allows them to receive federal aid through FAFSA. In turn it makes it easier for them to receive higher education services, which gives them a better chance at getting the skills they need for jobs. This in turn makes it more unlikely that they will revert to their old lifestyles of drug dealing now that they are treated for a drug addiction and have been given the tools they need to succeed. Drug courts are very strict though. If a participant in the program fails to attend a therapy meeting or has a positive return on a drug test, they are sent directly to jail. The program is only for those who want to change their lives. It is true that there are some people who do not want to change and they should be in jail if they do not want to reform to the laws of this country. The idea of drug reform in this country may be a daunting task, but it needs to be done. If we do nothing about the problem it will never go away, and as it has shown so far it will only get worse. The old ways of thinking are clearly not working. Something needs to be done about this problem. There is a reason why we have the highest incarceration rate of all industrialized nations. It is because half of our incarcerated citizens are non-violent drug offenders. If we can move towards treating an illness instead of punishing a crime, our country will be better off. Less people will be incarcerated and will be productive, moving our country towards a better tomorrow. Mandatory Minimum laws within this country need major reform due to the injustice that they create. While most of the injustice was done inadvertently, nonetheless it is still there. Our country has failed to take one step closer in winning the war on drugs. It is time for America to realize it has a drug addiction problem that cannot be fixed with lengthy prison sentences. Our country needs to change the mandatory minimum laws. Cocaine and crack need to be punishable equally. In this country it is estimated that there are four million people with addictions to either crack or cocaine. About half of the nation’s prison population is in there for non-violent drug offenses. With a prison population of one and a half million people, that’s three quarters of a million non-violent drug offenders not receiving the correct treatment. Cocaine use has continued to rise since the 1980’s while crack use has stayed steady. Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in this country. It has had research to show that it is a gateway drug. Users of marijuana are more likely to try drugs like crack and cocaine. Studies show that most users of marijuana have tried the drug before their sophomore year in high school. Educational systems such as D. A. R. E. are already in place as good educational tools against drugs. Our society needs to be honest about the dangers of drugs. Many anti-drug commercials of the past could go as far as to say a hit of marijuana will make you kill your parents. Many commercials of today are starting to show more honesty. Instead of saying that buying pot is the same as putting money into the hands of terrorists, they are stating the truth that it does typically make you less active. This in turn usually leads to people not completing goals, and not completing any of their goals. Alcohol is the second most illegally used drug by minors. Education about the dangers of alcohol is equally important. Alcoholism is a major problem within this country, which typically has major effects on families. Alcoholism can lead to violent households. More teens die from drinking and driving than any other way of death. Alcohol like marijuana is considered a gateway drug. This is why it is so important that we attempt to stop irresponsible drinking behaviors. Essentially drug addicts are addicted to the feeling of euphoria that comes upon them when endorphins flood the brain with the use of the drug. Drug rehabilitation centers have found great success at treating people with addiction to crack and cocaine with anti-depressants. The National Institute of Drug Abuse is taking a different approach to the problem. They are developing a cocaine-vaccine that virtually eliminates all effects of the drug. This would ensure that even if an addict were to have a relapse, the drug would have no effect, and the incentive to do the drug is taken away. Dealers of crack and cocaine usually were crack and cocaine users first. These drugs are incredibly addictive. For users to support their habits many of them turn to dealing the drug. If our society can find a way to break the cycle of addiction there is hope that we can start to turn the tide on the war on drugs. Our government simply has to recognize that we are dealing with an addiction crisis, and not necessarily bad people who are the scourge of society. Drug courts are a new movement going across our nation. A court system set up to deal with drug crimes only. These courts are now operating or have plans to be operating in all fifty states. The first drug court was established in Dade County in 1981. Drug courts are set up to give first time offenders a second chance. Conditions of sentencing typically involve mandatory drug testing along with therapy. If first time offenders can successfully complete the treatment program in most cases their crime is removed from their criminal record. Since many first time offenders are juveniles or young adults, this allows them to receive federal aid through FAFSA. In turn it makes it easier for them to receive higher education services, which gives them a better chance at getting the skills they need for jobs. This in turn makes it more unlikely that they will revert to their old lifestyles of drug dealing now that they are treated for a drug addiction and have been given the tools they need to succeed. Drug courts are very strict though. If a participant in the program fails to attend a therapy meeting or has a positive return on a drug test, they are sent directly to jail. The program is only for those who want to change their lives. It is true that there are some people who do not want to change and they should be in jail if they do not want to reform to the laws of this country. Along with anti-depressants and revolutionary new research being done to address this nation’s addiction to drugs the twelve step process is the most used system for drug rehabilitation. The twelve step process forces the user to admit he or she is powerless over the drug and that a higher power can help them restore their sanity. This has its own constitutional conflictions with the separation of church and state. The twelve step process is only one option that can be taken towards drug rehabilitation though. It could be set up where defendants could choose a faith based rehabilitation program through the state or a non faith based rehabilitation program. There is no one strategy that works for every addict. Each case needs to be dealt with on a personal basis. They need to get to the bottom of why they want to use drugs. There is typically an underlying issue in a user’s life that causes them to search for an escape. The escape that ends many people in prison for lengthy sentences happens to come from crack and cocaine for too many people. Our rehabilitation centers need to work closely with the patients’ family whenever this is possible. Most drug users have families that are drug users as well. It is a perpetual cycle that continues to go on. It continues to go on because the underlying problems within the family are not addressed and they continue to turn to drugs in an attempt to escape the issues. Families are typically the best support system for a user trying to go clean. Without the help of the family or a family like atmosphere, users find it difficult to see a reason why they should quit. They need to see the impact that it makes on their loved ones to make it real to them. The ugliness needs to be shown in order for the user to see the full consequences of his or her actions. I am not proposing that we get rid of prison sentences for drug offenders by any means. We should only offer rehab to first time offenders who will be able to show whether they truly wish to change their lives for the better. If you have been through the program once and reverted back, then you have not proven to society that you are willing to be a productive law-biding citizen. Everyone deserves a second chance, but not necessarily a third or fourth. Rehabilitation of our country’s drug users not only has a higher success rate than that of our prisons, it is also more cost efficient. The amount of people within our jail and prison systems is estimated to be above six million people. Approximately half of these inmates used drugs regularly the month prior to their apprehension. It is fair to say then that nearly half of our prison population is candidates for drug rehabilitation programs rather than prison systems. The average cost for incarcerating an individual for a year is $20,000. The average cost of treatment at a rehabilitation center is around $9,000. It currently costs our government around one billion dollars annually to incarcerate its prison population. By taking the half of the prison population that are habitual users and putting them in treatment centers, the government could save a quarter of a billion dollars a year. Not only that but the repeat offender rate for those that have gone through the treatment centers is only a fourth of that for a prison sentence. Rehabilitation centers have a success rate of sixty to seventy five percent. When those figures are applied to the prison population that means that at the lowest success rate twenty five percent of our prison population would become productive members of society. While the repeat offender rate for rehabilitation centers is between forty and twenty five percent, prison are seventy five percent. With our current system over half a million of our non-violent offenders will be back in prison for the same crime, while with rehabilitation at worst it would be around three hundred thousand. The key to success with our rehabilitation centers is to provide long term assistance. It will be much better off for the nation as a whole to treat the triggers of addiction before it gets out of hand. Yes it is the addicts fault the he or she is addicted, but this does not mean that we should let society hurt on a principle of stubbornness. We should help our fellow man stay clean if he wants to be clean. With long term assistance programs for patients of rehabilitation programs, the success rate can reach as high as ninety five percent. I am not naive enough to think that this high of a number will work just as well for prisoners. Some prisoners simply do not want to break their addiction. If they do not want to change their lives, there is very little that rehab will do for a patient. Society has treated the drug problem within this country with extremely harsh punishments. We have been blind to see that we have been approaching the problem with the wrong strategy. Rehabilitation and education are the two strongest weapons in the war on drugs. If we change the lives of drug offenders, we will be able to exchange a large portion of our prison population into productive members of society. This would turn people who used to be a burden on taxpayers into taxpayers themselves. This would ultimately help the economy of America and the overall quality of life. The idea of drug reform in this country may be a daunting task, but it needs to be done. If we do nothing about the problem it will never go away, and as it has shown so far it will only get worse. The old ways of thinking are clearly not working. Something needs to be done about this problem. There is a reason why we have the highest incarceration rate of all industrialized nations. It is because half of our incarcerated citizens are non-violent drug offenders. If we can move towards treating an illness instead of punishing a crime, our country will be better off. Less people will be incarcerated citizens are non-violent drug offenders. If we can move towards treating an illness instead of punishing a crime, our country will be better off. Less people will be incarcerated and will be productive, moving our country towards a better tomorrow.

Blindness and Sight - Lack of Vision in Oedipus The King Essay

Blindness in Oedipus The King (Rex) What is sight? Is it just the ability to recognize one’s surroundings or is there more? Is it knowledge? Is it understanding? Can a blind man see? Can the sighted be blind? And beyond, when the truth is too terrible, do we choose not to see? The phrase "too see" has so very many connotations. One meaning is to know or to understand and the other is based on the physical aspects of things. As humans, we are distracted by the physical world, which causes us to be blinded by the most obvious of truths. Oedipus, the main character in Sophocles’ play Oedipus Rex, could not see the truth, but the blind man, Teiresias, "saw" it plainly. Sophocles’ uses blindness as a motif in the play Oedipus Rex. Oedipus, known for his intelligence, is ignorant and therefore blind, to the truth about himself and his past. Yet, when Teiresias exposes the truth he is shunned. It is left to Oedipus to overcome his "blindness," rea... ...s the sight of Oedipus , it is by his own will. The blind man seer, Teiresias, could always "see" because he did not fear the truth, nor did he have reason to. Oedipus blind to the truth, brought darkness on his eyes when the truth is found. How ironic it seems, yet still the question lies unanswered, did Oedipus fear the horrible truth so much that he chose not to see it? Or was he really so oblivious, that the truth was revealed to him near the plays end for the first time? Blindness and Sight - Lack of Vision in Oedipus The King Essay Blindness in Oedipus The King (Rex) What is sight? Is it just the ability to recognize one’s surroundings or is there more? Is it knowledge? Is it understanding? Can a blind man see? Can the sighted be blind? And beyond, when the truth is too terrible, do we choose not to see? The phrase "too see" has so very many connotations. One meaning is to know or to understand and the other is based on the physical aspects of things. As humans, we are distracted by the physical world, which causes us to be blinded by the most obvious of truths. Oedipus, the main character in Sophocles’ play Oedipus Rex, could not see the truth, but the blind man, Teiresias, "saw" it plainly. Sophocles’ uses blindness as a motif in the play Oedipus Rex. Oedipus, known for his intelligence, is ignorant and therefore blind, to the truth about himself and his past. Yet, when Teiresias exposes the truth he is shunned. It is left to Oedipus to overcome his "blindness," rea... ...s the sight of Oedipus , it is by his own will. The blind man seer, Teiresias, could always "see" because he did not fear the truth, nor did he have reason to. Oedipus blind to the truth, brought darkness on his eyes when the truth is found. How ironic it seems, yet still the question lies unanswered, did Oedipus fear the horrible truth so much that he chose not to see it? Or was he really so oblivious, that the truth was revealed to him near the plays end for the first time?

Global Economy Essay

Below is a list of essay questions, the ONE question that you will be required to write on will be chosen from the list below. 1. Identify a current international political or economic issue and write on the cause(s) and impact globally. (500 word limit) 2. Select one project you have worked on in the past and write an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the execution, including an assessment of your own contribution. (500 word limit) 3. Identify a key industry leader in Nigeria today and give reasons why you admire this person and outline the person’s contributions to the economy and society. 4. What is the relevance of the MBA degree in the current business environment? Is the degree necessary for success? If you miss this examination or would like to do the GMAT instead, you have until June 28, 2013 to submit your GMAT score in order to have an interview scheduled for you. For details of the GMAT, please visit www. mba. com I wish you all the best. Regards, Nubi Achebo (Dr. ) MBA Director

Marine Bio 4.03

r 1. Name two types of sickness you can get from phytoplankton in Florida, and describe how you can get them. What symptoms led to the diagnosis of our patients? Some of the major diseases are NSP, and PSP which typically come from Brevetoxins, Saxitoxins, Gonyautoxins, & many more. The typical symptoms includerespiratory distress, allergic reactions and skin conditions 2. Explain how an HAB outbreak can have a devastating economic impact.The impact can be devastating because there are assortments of the fish that are caught that may have been contaminated with toxic algae and many fish are killed as a result. 3. Why do you think it can be difficult to determine the causes of HAB related illnesses and events? Many of the symptoms are like every sickness which include sniffling, coughing, sneezing, running nose, itchy eyes and a sore throat. it may be confused as a common cold or fever. 4. Summarize how the conditions found in the Gulf of Mexico contribute to the overgrowth of phytopl ankton.The Gulf of Mexico is a highly polluted area, due to the run-off from the coasts. Run-off comes in the from fertilizers and pesticides from agriculture that often collect in rivers that most of the time flows right  into the Gulf. 5. Explain how a Harmful Algal Bloom can impact an ecosystem. Many of the harmful algal blooms release toxins as they grow larger. Algae blooms grow quickly. As they grow they starve the air of oxygen and  block sunlight which many aquatic plants and animals need to survive. 6.

Christianity And Islam Essays - Prophets Of Islam, Jesus In Islam

Christianity And Islam Essays - Prophets Of Islam, Jesus In Islam Christianity And Islam Christianity and Islam are two of the most significant religions since their creation. Islam means submission in Arabic, and a Muslim is one who submits to the will of God (Islam page 223). Christians were called so because of Jesus title Christos, which is Greek for Messiah (Christianity page 198). Both religions are very similar with only some of the beliefs and teachings being different. They also give separate messages to outsiders as to what their religions stand for. Both religions are monotheistic with a holy text and they both strive to conquer evil. Islam has a set of rules (5 Pillars of Islam) set forth to reach enlightenment while Christians basically just sin, repent, and then are forgiven for their sins. Christianity is a much easier religion to belong to because it is a lot more lenient to what you can and cannot do as well as when and where you can do it. Islam is also more closed doors because the do not really send out missionaries looking for people to convert to Is lam. For Christianity, Jesus of Nazareth was the Messiah (the anointed one) Gods deliverer, whose coming the prophets had foretold (Christianity page 198). Jesus taught the good Word of the Lord, as was his duty as the Son of God. He is also said to have performed miracles such as curing leprosy and blindness as well walking on water. Roman and Jewish authorities were disquieted by the threat to the establishment that Jesus and his followers seemed to offer, and they conspired successfully to execute him by crucifixion (Christianity page 198). After Jesus was crucified for the sins of all men, he was believed by Christians to have risen from the dead and then ascended to Heaven. After the death of Jesus, his life and teachings were written with many tall tales (as I like to call them) about the great battles and accomplishments of Christians as well as success stories about the followers of Gods Word. All of these stories and some historical facts are written in the Bible, which is the ho ly text of the Christians. It explains how God created the Earth the creation of the Earth and man and it teaches how to be righteous. The founder of Islam was the Prophet Mohammed who was an orphan from the city of Mecca. Mohammed claimed to be visited by the Angel Gabriel who gave him the basis for this new religion. The Five Pillars of Islam are the basic laws to be a good Muslim. Declaring that there is no God but Allah, praying five times a day facing Mecca, fasting during set times, tithing for needy, and a journey to Mecca at least once in your lifetime. Some Muslims have a sixth pillar, jihad, which is translated into holy war (Variety page 234). Mohammeds teachings were not written until his death because there was no compelling reason to set his words down in some definite form. After the sudden death of Mohammed in 632, Caliph Abu Bakr ordered one of the prophets companions to collect, from oral and written sources, all of Mohammeds utterances (Quran page 225). They were written in the Quran which is basically the Muslim Bible. The Quran is the written version of the teachings that Mohammed preached while he was alive. A second source of guidance for most Muslims is al-Hadith (Tradition), a vast body of transmitted stories of what the Prophet said or did or what was said or done in his presence and therefore approved by him (Foundations page 225). Christianity is a very appealing religion because it seems to be so easy to understand and become a Christian where as Islam is very difficult. There are five set times a day in Islam where you have to stop everything and pray facing Mecca and Muslims go to church on Fridays. Christians are free to pray any way they want at any time they want and go to church on Sundays. The Bible is different in that it contains the teachings of Jesus, the direct Word of God, and many religious stories. The Quran contains only the teachings of Mohammed which is said to be the

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Art - Essay Example He is a German painter, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet who spearheaded the principle of Surrealism which embraces unconventional art. One of his works that demonstrated surrealism would be â€Å"Oedipus Rex†, a painting of the hero in the Sophocles’ tragedy. Here one could see a picture of violence, seen through the depiction of the pierced fingers and walnut. The fingers are being speared by a bow-like device used to puncture the feet of birds so as to stop them from flying. However, the fingers do not bleed but the wound looks painful because of the penetration of the sharp object into the hand (Kuspit, D.). With all these said, the meaning of â€Å"Oedipus Rex† painting of Max Ernst is ambiguous, as opposed to the art of the 18th and 19th century. Looking at the painting, I would say that the person whose hand is being pierced is somewhat accepting the suffering he is undergoing despite the pain. Also, the fingers being pierced do not have any traces of bl ood which defies the concept of realism. All these sends contradicting messages that leave its audience wondering what the painter wanted to convey in the piece of art. Deducing Max Ernst’s â€Å"Oedipus Rex† painting and considering the transition of the changes from well-established principles of art to surrealism, I would say that this art attempted to veer away from realism, which is a principle which seeks to represent a subject matter truthfully. I would say so because though at first glance one would be able to immediately see suffering as a main subject in â€Å"Oedipus Rex†, one would start to see the irony of the scene when one looks closely on the details such as the pierced hand and fingers without any blood gushing out of it which is unrealistic. Aside from that, I strongly believe that Max Ernst tried to veer away from the confines of past artistic views of symbolism because he used strange symbols in his painting such as the walnut, birds in a box , bird with a horn, and a window which does not comprise of unified whole meaning. Also, Ernst’s bizarre painting resisted standards of rationality in such a way as the elements used in the painting could mean so many things because of its complexity. However, basing it in the predicament Oedipus was going through, the Sphinx actually refers to Oedipus himself giving the painting much depth as compared to works of art that embraces realism. On the other hand, the walnut refers to Hamlet’s statement, â€Å"O God, I could be bounded in a nut-shell, and count myself a king of infinite space, were it not that I have bad dreams" (Hamlet, II.2.247). The bird refers to Ernst pet cockatoo when he was a child which happened to die the same night his sister was born (Kuspit, D.). With all the complex symbolism Ernst used, one would only need to dig deeper into the elements of the painting in order to understand what he is trying to say. After studying Max Ernst’s â€Å" Oedipus Rex†, I would say that there is a huge change in his art as compared to the art in the 18th and 19th century wherein there are certain forms and styles being followed as opposed to the free flow of ideas and emotions being depicted in in â€Å"Oedipus Rex†. Though it is harder to understand, I would simply say that aside from it requiring a different kind of intellectual

Motivation at Workplace Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Motivation at Workplace - Assignment Example This paper illustrates that motivational scholars consider that for every last thing we do (actions and behavior) there is an essential cause or reason; as such it impacts our conduct', our decision of conduct and its perpetual quality, and the measure of exertion put into it. They additionally accept that energy about the reasons will empower forecast and hence take into account impact on those practices or activity. Contemporary exploration and hypotheses have developed and progressed subsequent to those of Skinner who considered execution taking into account inspirations from a behavioral perspective, while Maslow extended his needs pecking order to oblige inspiration regarding individuals trying to fulfill needs inside an orderly request that advances from physiological needs, to security, to social, to regard lastly acknowledgment toward oneself. His needs order represented the essentialness of fulfilling the needs of representatives if inspiration somehow happened to be affecte d and cultivated. Motivational research at the moment concentrates essentially on the determination of what great inspiration- what boost is obliged to expand inspiration - and takes both natural and outward inspiration into thought.

Latin america Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Latin america - Essay Example The â€Å"internal enemy† was thus, anyone who held any anti-government sentiments, or could hold them (Byrne). After the coup of General Pinochet in Chile, everyone with leftist leanings was considered to be an â€Å"internal enemy† to be destroyed. With the assent and approval of the US government, the repressive Chilean regime targeted many unions and their workers, universities were targeted too, as were students, and many people, thought to have leftist leanings, were kidnapped, to be tortured and/or killed. In Chile, an â€Å"internal enemy† was, thus, anyone who had communist leanings or was a communist sympathizer, a pretty vague term, which resulted in the death, torture and disappearance of many Chileans (Byrne). In El Salvador, the situation was pretty identical too; here too the â€Å"internal enemy† was anyone who was against the policies of the regime. Guised under a crackdown against communists or subversive elements (â€Å"internal enemy†), the regime cracked down on dissenters, unions, students and community leaders and massacred a lot of its population (Byrne). A few decades after the US support for Guatemala’s military governments, that ended up killing around 200,000 of Guatemalans, mostly Mayans (Carter), President Clinton felt it was important for the US to apologize so that a new era, where the US fostered democracy and democratic processes, could start. This could not be done without the US accepting its mistake and undertaking to support democracy. However, Clinton was criticized for doing that because those who were involved in US and Guatemala’s affairs feared that this would undermine all the good that the US had done to subvert communism and to win the Cold War. The critics point out that the US did not support military regimes, but rather was working for the â€Å"people’s right of self-determination.† (Carter). Political Prisoner Retamozo (File 3721)

Free trade Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Free trade - Assignment Example The U.S. on the other side has increased the import of agricultural products to Canada and Mexico (Orme, 1996). The economic basis of trade is to exchange goods and services for currency. It will be abuse to common sense to purchase or rather get poor services in the name of saving our local industries from foreign competition yet we get poor services and goods. We would rather go for a specialist. Research shows American did well economically because they allowed free movement of goods across its neighbors. While Europe, because they are protecting themselves from their neighbors did not do quite well. I bought my nephew a play station made from China. China makes good toys for children. America produces good computers. We can, therefore, sell our computers to China as we buy their toys (Orme, 1996). Free trade has allowed Americans to import textiles from Mexico. My dress was made from Mexico. There are very few people wearing clothes made in America. There have been slogans saying that buy America keep your job. However, it is costly to put trade restrictions in order to save the local industries. The taxpayers pay more than those that have free trade. The benefit of buying American goods is that jobs are saved (Orme, 1996). Trade restrictions should only apply in cases where there is a violation of preservation rules. For example, food or agricultural products posing a danger to human life due to use of hazardous chemicals should be restricted. International trade does not stop competition or even cause unemployment (Orme, 1996). International trade enables countries to be able to have a look at different types of goods and compare them to theirs. It will challenge local industries to produce better goods and services in order to maintain their

The Concept Of Food And Beverage Service Quality Marketing Essay

The Concept Of Food And Beverage Service Quality Marketing Essay Food and beverage service is a complex and painstaking work, the waiter serving the people rather than materials. Food and beverage products are only intermediary contact restaurants and customer. The ultimately the work of food and beverage service is servicing to the people; only good service can attract and retain live customers. In service improvement on quality and management, many food and beverage companies often do not understand the real needs of customer service in the business of just blindly improve facilities and equipment, the result is a forest for the trees, duplication of efforts. Therefore, to improve the food quality of service enterprises, they must first clarify the meaning of quality of service, find out the real needs of customers, and then puts forward countermeasures. From the needs of the customers point of view, put forward to improve the quality of service means catering enterprises. In this essay, first, it analyzes the concept about the quality of food a nd beverage service; following, it discusses the countermeasure about food and beverage service improvement. The concept of food and beverage service quality Quality of food and beverage service refers to services to meet the needs of the characteristics of customer service combined. Broadly speaking, the quality of food and beverage service includes three elements, namely, facilities and equipment, in-kind services, the quality of products and services; from the narrow sense in terms of quality of service is the catering services, mainly refers to work by the restaurant waiter service provided, not including food formed part of the value form (Ender, 2000). In this essay, mainly the quality of service is the meaning of a narrow sense. To improve the quality of service catering business, they must first understand the food and beverage service needs of customers for services. From a practical point of view, food and beverage service, customer demand for catering enterprises mainly in the following areas: 1. Timely and fast service efficiency. With the accelerated pace of modern life, customers become increasingly demanding for the time, the current customer complaints or dissatisfaction for the response time. So, if they want to make customer satisfaction, it is important that services must be promptly, if the customer wait too long, even if the dishes, even the best quality drinks, also cause customer dissatisfaction (Rose, 2000). 2, Courtesy and respect in service attitude. Polite behavior and language expressed respect for others, reflects a good training staff, it is to make customers happy and satisfied with one of the basic elements. 3, Warm and sincere in service passion. In the whole service process Customer always hope staff maintain full of energy, dedicated working state, to provide themselves with positive, active, smiling, warm services. This service is sincere, heartfelt, self-conscious, rather than passive, negative, and stylized. 4. Cordial and friendly service details. When the customer receive services that customers want service person to be humane, to good, friendly, and may not reveal tired, cold, anger, stiffness, tension and fear of expression, to use words and deeds of goodwill and friendly feeling to eliminate the distance between the guests (Bolman Deal, 2003). 5. Understanding and comforting service skills. Each customer is from different countries and regions, different beliefs, different values, so the course will appear in the service many unexpected problems. At this point, the customer service staff will need to make flexible use of service skills, to understand the customers, understanding and goodwill of humility, to avoid the embarrassing situation to happen. The improvement countermeasure of food and beverage service 1. Strengthen management and ensure quality About this aim in food and beverage service, there are two aspects (Wright, 2000): First, pay attention to staff training. Food and beverage service can provide first-class services, there is a great relationship with catering service quality and service skill, so enhanced staff training and improved the quality of their services and skills, corrected their attitude are important, even more important is that Staff in-depth understanding of business value to customers meaning. Value to customers depends on many factors, include product factor, service factor, and people factor, visualize factor and so on. 2. Speed up service, flexible operation In the food and beverage service, to meet passengerà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s psychological needs of speed, the restaurant can prepare in advance a number of fast food, simple procedures, and speed up the service speed. In additional, food and beverage service should be flexible in operation, delegate some right of disposal on customer-service problems. For example, assuming that customers complained to the waiter said no fresh vegetables require replacing. Just imagine that the waiter ask the captain or manager to identify and deal with, or immediately closed their agreed returned, apologized to the guests. Obviously, the latter is better in meet customer needs more psychological, because customers want one-stop services (Romano, 2000). So, let customers be satisfied with the service as soon as possible, to dispose of the appropriate delegation of power becomes very necessary. It is worth to mention that, compared to other restaurants in the community, tourist hotels in the restaurant business is more a lack of flexibility. General Hotel divided up into many departments, food and beverage department is just one of the department and other departments in terms of the level is flat. Food and beverage department must coordinate the relationship between other departments, operating on a restricted, if not enough manpower to solve the personnel department, the expenditure to the Finance Department for approval, price concessions, discounts, free bill, etc have certain procedures and level of restrictions, so it is very passive in the operation. In this way, it is especially important that disposal right to solve the customer service problems on the proper. 3. Pay attention to culturally Atmosphere Food and beverage service should not only give customers food with color, smell, taste, shape and devices, in addition, food and beverage service staff should pay attention to the beauty of the soul, once people entered the restaurant can feel a kind of breath or taste. To create a flavor and taste of this central aspect is the atmosphere to create and strengthen a culture. First of all this culture came from the vision to create, in addition, it can come from hearing (Adebanjo, 2003). A region in France, a survey showed, 60% of the customers that go to the restaurant itself, the aim is to find joy. Thus, Food and beverage service not simply material goods but also has rich cultural products enjoy a high level. Only food and beverage service carry towards the cultural connotation and reflects, it can better meet the aesthetic needs of customers. 4. Innovation and brand Food and beverage service should pay attention to the innovation, one aspect of the development is about specialty products, varieties in the dishes always turn it new, new materials, new tastes; on the another hand, services should have features. Food and beverage service, half food and beverage, half service. Distinctive services will have a multiplier effect. Meanwhile, people must pay attention to brand building. Brand is to identify businesses and products, and different from other competitors with a significant feature of the mark. It is also to strengthen a powerful means of product differentiation, companys selling points and competitiveness. Conclusion In summary, under normal circumstances, the hotels service standards, service procedures and service standards are certain, but the needs of different customers are varied, so it is felled with more variables. In the course of food and beverage service, service staff wants to make all guests feel satisfied, it must meet different customers for different services. In order to achieve this goal, restaurants should provide personalized service, a service according to the needs of different customers with different content services. The most important characteristics of food and beverage is human services, and quality of service depends largely on the level of customer satisfaction, it is necessary to fully reflect the people first concept to cater to guests seeking food consumption in respect strong psychological needs. Thus the process of service should be politeness rituals, smiling service, respect for customs and habits of customers, no matter who can get the same warm and thoughtfu l. Attention to customer identity, arrange a suitable location, such as business negotiations, lovers dating involve privacy, should select the appropriate hidden location. In short, customers need to be absolutely respected.

Gun Control in Canada Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚   There has been considerable debate recently in Canada over the issue of gun control. The Canadian parliament enacted the Firearms Act to enforce gun control by requiring gun owners to register their firearms. Just recently, the government of Alberta lead in a charge, including five other provinces and numerous pro-gun groups, complaining that the law is unconstitutional and intrudes on provincial jurisdiction. They also claim that the act infringes on property and civil rights that are guaranteed in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Parliament contends that the government of Canada is within its rights to protect public safety. Pro-gun control organizations, police chiefs and the City of Toronto also back the Firearms Act. The enacting of the Firearms Act by the government of Canada is legitimately constitutional and is within the jurisdiction of Parliament as it only seeks to protect the well being of Canadians. Furthermore, this legislation does not intrude on provincial jurisdiction because it is a representation of all Canadian’s rights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Canadian law that requires the licensing and registration of handguns has been around since the 1930’s. The new statute, enacted in 1995 is currently under heated debate, the act extends the licensing and registration requirements to shotguns and rifles. Wendy Cukier, president of the Coalition for Gun Control says, â€Å"More Canadians are killed with rifles and shotguns every year than with handguns†. The ultimate purpose of the Act according to the government is to reduce firearm offences and violent crimes including murder. Moreover, Cukier believes the real issue is saving lives, as licensing and registration help make gun owners more accountable. She also points out a list of kids killed with firearms- a boy shot at a birthday party, a Grade 3 student shot as his twin played with a rifle. Gun control advocates may also highlight some other incidents involving firearms including the 1989 massacre at Montreal’s Ecole Polytechnique that claimed the lives of fourteen women and the recent school shooting that killed a fifteen-year old student. Ironically, the shooting occurred at a Taber, Alberta high school, the same province that is leading a fight to strike down the Firearms Act as unconstitutional. On February 21 and 22 of this year, the Supreme Court of Canada was asked to rule whether th... ...legitimate recreational pursuits; and guns are the tools of some trades. At the same time, guns intimidate; guns maim; and guns kill. It is precisely because of this paradox that guns are used for good as well as evil- that controversy surrounds government efforts at gun control.† It is clear that the new firearms legislation is looking out only for the best interests of the citizens of Canada. Public safety and well-being undoubtedly takes precedence to a traditional gun culture. The argument by pro-gun advocates that licensing and registering firearms will turn them into criminals is invalid since guns have the potential to seriously injure and kill people and thus, should be treated with caution and special care.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Firearms Act enacted by the government of Canada should be considered as a positive notion and not as a law that invades on property and civil rights. The reason why Canada is a safe country is all due to our strict gun control laws. Moreover, if this statute was struck down as unconstitutional, there is no doubt in my mind that Canada would head towards a gun culture society that would inevitably lead to more violent crime and murders involving firearms.

Chapter 35 Veritaserum

Harry felt himself slam flat into the ground; his face was pressed into grass; the smell of it filled his nostrils. He had closed his eyes while the Portkey transported him, and he kept them closed now. He did not move. All the breath seemed to have been knocked out of him; his head was swimming so badly he felt as though the ground beneath him were swaying like the deck of a ship. To hold himself steady, he tightened his hold on the two things he was still clutching: the smooth, cold handle of the Triwizard Cup and Cedric's body. He felt as though he would slide away into the blackness gathering at the edges of his brain if he let go of either of them. Shock and exhaustion kept him on the ground, breathing in the smell of the grass, waiting†¦waiting for someone to do something†¦something to happen†¦and all the while, his scar burned dully on his forehead†¦. A torrent of sound deafened and confused him; there were voices everywhere, footsteps, screams†¦.He remained where he was, his face screwed up against the noise, as though it were a nightmare that would pass†¦. Then a pair of hands seized him roughly and turned him over. â€Å"Harry! Harry!† He opened his eyes. He was looking up at the starry sky, and Albus Dumbledore was crouched over him. The dark shadows of a crowd of people pressed in around them, pushing nearer; Harry felt the ground beneath his head reverberating with their footsteps. He had come back to the edge of the maze. He could see the stands rising above him, the shapes of people moving in them, the stars above. Harry let go of the cup, but he clutched Cedric to him even more tightly. He raised his free hand and seized Dumbledore's wrist, while Dumbledore's face swam in and out of focus. â€Å"He's back,† Harry whispered. â€Å"He's back. Voldemort.† â€Å"What's going on? What's happened?† The face of Cornelius Fudge appeared upside down over Harry; it looked white, appalled. â€Å"My God – Diggory!† it whispered. â€Å"Dumbledore – he's dead!† The words were repeated, the shadowy figures pressing in on them gasped it to those around them†¦and then others shouted it – screeched it – into the night – â€Å"He's dead!† â€Å"He's dead!† â€Å"Cedric Diggory! Dead!† â€Å"Harry, let go of him,† he heard Fudge's voice say, and he felt fingers trying to pry him from Cedric's limp body, but Harry wouldn't let him go. Then Dumbledore's face, which was still blurred and misted, came closer. â€Å"Harry, you can't help him now. It's over. Let go.† â€Å"He wanted me to bring him back,† Harry muttered – it seemed important to explain this. â€Å"He wanted me to bring him back to his parents†¦.† â€Å"That's right. Harry†¦just let go now†¦.† Dumbledore bent down, and with extraordinary strength for a man so old and thin, raised Harry from the ground and set -him on his feet. Harry swayed. His head was pounding. His injured leg would no longer support his weight. The crowd around them jostled, fighting to get closer, pressing darkly in on him – â€Å"What's happened?† â€Å"What's wrong with him?† â€Å"Diggory's dead!† â€Å"He'll need to go to the hospital wing!† Fudge was saying loudly. â€Å"He's ill, he's injured – Dumbledore, Diggory's parents, they're here, they're in the stands†¦.† â€Å"I'll take Harry, Dumbledore, I'll take him -â€Å" â€Å"No, I would prefer-â€Å" â€Å"Dumbledore, Amos Diggory's running†¦he's coming over†¦.Don't you think you should tell him – before he sees – ?† â€Å"Harry, stay here -â€Å" Girls were screaming, sobbing hysterically†¦.The scene flickered oddly before Harry's eyes†¦. â€Å"Its all right, son, I've got you†¦come on†¦hospital wing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Dumbledore said stay,† said Harry thickly, the pounding in his scar making him feel as though he was about to throw up; his vision was blurring worse than ever. â€Å"You need to lie down†¦.Come on now†¦.† Someone larger and stronger than he was was half pulling, half carrying him through the frightened crowd. Harry heard people gasping, screaming, and shouting as the man supporting him pushed a path through them, taking him back to the castle. Across the lawn, past the lake and the Durmstrang ship, Harry heard nothing but the heavy breathing of the man helping him walk. â€Å"What happened. Harry?† the man asked at last as he lifted Harry up the stone steps. Clunk. Clunk. Clunk. It was Mad-Eye Moody. â€Å"Cup was a Portkey,† said Harry as they crossed the entrance hall. â€Å"Took me and Cedric to a graveyard†¦and Voldemort was there†¦Lord Voldemort†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Clunk. Clunk. Clunk. Up the marble stairs†¦ â€Å"The Dark Lord was there? What happened then?† â€Å"Killed Cedric†¦they killed Cedric†¦.† â€Å"And then?† Clunk. Clunk. Clunk. Along the corridor†¦ â€Å"Made a potion†¦got his body back†¦.† â€Å"The Dark Lord got his body back? He's returned?† â€Å"And the Death Eaters came†¦and then we dueled†¦.† â€Å"You dueled with the Dark Lord?† â€Å"Got away†¦my wand†¦did something funny†¦.I saw my mum and dad†¦they came out of his wand†¦.† â€Å"In here. Harry†¦in here, and sit down†¦.You'll be all right now†¦drink this†¦.† Harry heard a key scrape in a lock and felt a cup being pushed into his hands. â€Å"Drink it†¦you'll feel better†¦come on, now. Harry, I need to know exactly what happened†¦.† Moody helped tip the stuff down Harry's throat; he coughed, a peppery taste burning his throat. Moody's office came into sharper focus, and so did Moody himself†¦.He looked as white as Fudge had looked, and both eyes were fixed unblinkingly upon Harry's face. â€Å"Voldemort's back, Harry? You're sure he's back? How did he do it?† â€Å"He took stuff from his father's grave, and from Wormtail, and me,† said Harry. His head felt clearer; his scar wasn't hurting so badly; he could now see Moody's face distinctly, even though the office was dark. He could still hear screaming and shouting from the distant Quidditch field. â€Å"What did the Dark Lord take from you?† said Moody. â€Å"Blood,† said Harry, raising his arm. His sleeve was ripped where Wormtail's dagger had torn it. Moody let out his breath in a long, low hiss. â€Å"And the Death Eaters? They returned?† â€Å"Yes,† said Harry. â€Å"Loads of them†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"How did he treat them?† Moody asked quietly. â€Å"Did he forgive them?† But Harry had suddenly remembered. He should have told Dumbledore, he should have said it straightaway – â€Å"There's a Death Eater at Hogwarts! There's a Death Eater here – they put my name in the Goblet of Fire, they made sure I got through to the end -â€Å" Harry tried to get up, but Moody pushed him back down. â€Å"I know who the Death Eater is,† he said quietly. â€Å"Karkaroff?† said Harry wildly. â€Å"Where is he? Have you got him? Is he locked up?† â€Å"Karkaroff?† said Moody with an odd laugh. â€Å"Karkaroff fled tonight, when he felt the Dark Mark burn upon his arm. He betrayed too many faithful supporters of the Dark Lord to wish to meet them†¦but I doubt he will get far. The Dark Lord has ways of tracking his enemies.† â€Å"Karkaroff's gone? He ran away? But then – he didn't put my name in the goblet?† â€Å"No,† said Moody slowly. â€Å"No, he didn't. It was I who did that.† Harry heard, but didn't believe. â€Å"No, you didn't,† he said. â€Å"You didn't do that†¦you can't have done†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I assure you I did,† said Moody, and his magical eye swung around and fixed upon the door, and Harry knew he was making sure that there was no one outside it. At the same time, Moody drew out his wand and pointed it at Harry. â€Å"He forgave them, then?† he said. â€Å"The Death Eaters who went free? The ones who escaped Azkaban?† â€Å"What?† said Harry. He was looking at the wand Moody was pointing at him. This was a bad joke, it had to be. â€Å"I asked you,† said Moody quietly, â€Å"whether he forgave the scum who never even went to look for him. Those treacherous cowards who wouldn't even brave Azkaban for him. The faithless, worthless bits of filth who were brave enough to cavort in masks at the Quidditch World Cup, but fled at the sight of the Dark Mark when I fired it into the sky.† â€Å"You fired†¦What are you talking about†¦?† â€Å"I told you. Harry†¦I told you. If there's one thing I hate more than any other, it's a Death Eater who walked free. They turned their backs on my master when he needed them most. I expected him to punish them. I expected him to torture them. Tell me he hurt them, Harry†¦.† Moody's face was suddenly lit with an insane smile. â€Å"Tell me he told them that I, I alone remained faithful†¦prepared to risk everything to deliver to him the one thing he wanted above all†¦you.† â€Å"You didn't†¦it – it can't be you†¦.† â€Å"Who put your name in the Goblet of Fire, under the name of a different school? I did. Who frightened off every person I thought might try to hurt you or prevent you from winning the tournament? I did. Who nudged Hagrid into showing you the dragons? I did. Who helped you see the only way you could beat the dragon? I did.† Moody's magical eye had now left the door. It was fixed upon Harry. His lopsided mouth leered more widely than ever. â€Å"It hasn't been easy, Harry, guiding you through these tasks without arousing suspicion. I have had to use every ounce of cunning I possess, so that my hand would not be detectable in your success. Dumbledore would have been very suspicious if you had managed everything too easily. As long as you got into that maze, preferably with a decent head start – then, I knew, I would have a chance of getting rid of the other champions and leaving your way clear. But I also had to contend with your stupidity. The second task†¦that was when I was most afraid we would fail. I was keeping watch on you, Potter. I knew you hadn't worked out the egg's clue, so I had to give you another hint -â€Å" â€Å"You didn't,† Harry said hoarsely. â€Å"Cedric gave me the clue -â€Å" â€Å"Who told Cedric to open it underwater? I did. I trusted that he would pass the information on to you. Decent people are so easy to manipulate, Potter. I was sure Cedric would want to repay you for telling him about the dragons, and so he did. But even then, Potter, even then you seemed likely to fail. I was watching all the time†¦all those hours in the library. Didn't you realize that the book you needed was in your dormitory all along? I planted it there early on, I gave it to the Longbottom boy, don't you remember? Magical Water Plants of the Mediterranean. It would have told you all you needed to know about gillyweed. I expected you to ask everyone and anyone you could for help. Longbottom would have told you in an instant. But you did not†¦you did not†¦.You have a streak of pride and independence that might have ruined all. â€Å"So what could I do? Feed you information from another innocent source. You told me at the Yule Ball a house-elf called Dobby had given you a Christmas present. I called the elf to the staffroom to collect some robes for cleaning. I staged a loud conversation with Professor McGonagall about the hostages who had been taken, and whether Potter would think to use gillyweed. And your little elf friend ran straight to Snape's office and then hurried to find you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Moody's wand was still pointing directly at Harry's heart. Over his shoulder, foggy shapes were moving in the Foe-Glass on the wall. â€Å"You were so long in that lake, Potter, I thought you had drowned. But luckily, Dumbledore took your idiocy for nobility, and marked you high for it. I breathed again. â€Å"You had an easier time of it than you should have in that maze tonight, of course,† said Moody. â€Å"I was patrolling around it, able to see through the outer hedges, able to curse many obstacles out of your way. I Stunned Fleur Delacour as she passed. I put the Imperius Curse on Krum, so that he would finish Diggory and leave your path to the cup clear.† Harry stared at Moody. He just didn't see how this could be†¦.Dumbledore's friend, the famous Auror†¦the one who had caught so many Death Eaters†¦It made no sense†¦no sense at all†¦. The foggy shapes in the Foe-Glass were sharpening, had become more distinct. Harry could see the outlines of three people over Moody's shoulder, moving closer and closer. But Moody wasn't watching them. His magical eye was upon Harry. â€Å"The Dark Lord didn't manage to kill you. Potter, and he so wanted to,† whispered Moody. â€Å"Imagine how he will reward me when he finds I have done it for him. I gave you to him – the thing he needed above all to regenerate – and then I killed you for him. I will be honored beyond all other Death Eaters. I will be his dearest, his closest supporter†¦closer than a son†¦.† Moody's normal eye was bulging, the magical eye fixed upon Harry. The door was barred, and Harry knew he would never reach his own wand in time†¦. â€Å"The Dark Lord and I,† said Moody, and he looked completely insane now, towering over Harry, leering down at him, â€Å"have much in common. Both of us, for instance, had very disappointing fathers†¦very disappointing indeed. Both of us suffered the indignity, Harry, of being named after those fathers. And both of us had the pleasure†¦the very great pleasure†¦of killing our fathers to ensure the continued rise of the Dark Order!† â€Å"You're mad,† Harry said – he couldn't stop himself- â€Å"you're mad!† â€Å"Mad, am I?† said Moody, his voice rising uncontrollably. â€Å"We'll see! We'll see who's mad, now that the Dark Lord has returned, with me at his side! He is back, Harry Potter, you did not conquer him – and now – I conquer you!† Moody raised his wand, he opened his mouth; Harry plunged his own hand into his robes – â€Å"Stupefy!† There was a blinding flash of red light, and with a great splintering and crashing, the door of Moody's office was blasted apart – Moody was thrown backward onto the office floor. Harry, still staring at the place where Moody's face had been, saw Albus Dumbledore, Professor Snape, and Professor McGonagall looking back at him out of the Foe-Glass. He looked around and saw the three of them standing in the doorway, Dumbledore in front, his wand outstretched. At that moment, Harry fully understood for the first time why people said Dumbledore was the only wizard Voldemort had ever feared. The look upon Dumbledore's face as he stared down at the unconscious form of Mad-Eye Moody was more terrible than Harry could have ever imagined. There was no benign smile upon Dumbledore's face, no twinkle in the eyes behind the spectacles. There was cold fury in every line of the ancient face; a sense of power radiated from Dumbledore as though he were giving off burning heat. He stepped into the office, placed a foot underneath Moody's unconscious body, and kicked him over onto his back, so that his face was visible. Snape followed him, looking into the Foe-Glass, where his own face was still visible, glaring into the room. Professor McGonagall went straight to Harry. â€Å"Come along, Potter,† she whispered. The thin line of her mouth was twitching as though she was about to cry. â€Å"Come along†¦hospital wing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"No,† said Dumbledore sharply. â€Å"Dumbledore, he ought to – look at him – he's been through enough tonight -â€Å" â€Å"He will stay, Minerva, because he needs to understand,† said Dumbledore curtly. â€Å"Understanding is the first step to acceptance, and only with acceptance can there be recovery. He needs to know who has put him through the ordeal he has suffered tonight, and why,† â€Å"Moody,† Harry said. He was still in a state of complete disbelief. â€Å"How can it have been Moody?† â€Å"This is not Alastor Moody,† said Dumbledore quietly. â€Å"You have never known Alastor Moody. The real Moody would not have removed you from my sight after what happened tonight. The moment he took you, I knew – and I followed.† Dumbledore bent down over Moody's limp form and put a hand inside his robes. He pulled out Moody's hip flask and a set of keys on a ring. Then he turned to Professors McGonagall and Snape. â€Å"Severus, please fetch me the strongest Truth Potion you possess, and then go down to the kitchens and bring up the house-elf called Winky. Minerva, kindly go down to Hagrid's house, where you will find a large black dog sitting in the pumpkin patch. Take the dog up to my office, tell him I will be with him shortly, then come back here.† If either Snape or McGonagall found these instructions peculiar, they hid their confusion. Both turned at once and left the office. Dumbledore walked over to the trunk with seven locks, fitted the first key in the lock, and opened it. It contained a mass of spell-books. Dumbledore closed the trunk, placed a second key in the second lock, and opened the trunk again. The spellbooks had vanished; this time it contained an assortment of broken Sneako-scopes, some parchment and quills, and what looked like a silvery Invisibility Cloak. Harry watched, astounded, as Dumbledore placed the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth keys in their respective locks, reopening the trunk each time, and revealing different contents each time. Then he placed the seventh key in the lock, threw open the lid, and Harry let out a cry of amazement. He was looking down into a kind of pit, an underground room, and lying on the floor some ten feet below, apparently fast asleep, thin and starved in appearance, was the real Mad-Eye Moody. His wooden leg was gone, the socket that should have held the magical eye looked empty beneath its lid, and chunks of his grizzled hair were missing. Harry stared, thunderstruck, between the sleeping Moody in the trunk and the unconscious Moody lying on the floor of the office. Dumbledore climbed into the trunk, lowered himself, and fell lightly onto the floor beside the sleeping Moody. He bent over him. â€Å"Stunned – controlled by the Imperius Curse – very weak,† he said. â€Å"Of course, they would have needed to keep him alive. Harry, throw down the imposter's cloak – he's freezing. Madam Pomfrey will need to see him, but he seems in no immediate danger.† Harry did as he was told; Dumbledore covered Moody in the cloak, tucked it around him, and clambered out of the trunk again. Then he picked up the hip flask that stood upon the desk, unscrewed it, and turned it over. A thick glutinous liquid splattered onto the office floor. â€Å"Polyjuice Potion, Harry,† said Dumbledore. â€Å"You see the simplicity of it, and the brilliance. For Moody never does drink except from his hip flask, he's well known for it. The imposter needed, of course, to keep the real Moody close by, so that he could continue making the potion. You see his hair†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Dumbledore looked down on the Moody in the trunk. â€Å"The imposter has been cutting it off all year, see where it is uneven? But I think, in the excitement of tonight, our fake Moody might have forgotten to take it as frequently as he should have done†¦on the hour†¦every hour†¦.We shall see.† Dumbledore pulled out the chair at the desk and sat down upon it, his eyes fixed upon the unconscious Moody on the floor. Harry stared at him too. Minutes passed in silence†¦. Then, before Harry's very eyes, the face of the man on the floor began to change. The scars were disappearing, the skin was becoming smooth; the mangled nose became whole and started to shrink. The long mane of grizzled gray hair was withdrawing into the scalp and turning the color of straw. Suddenly, with a loud clunk, the wooden leg fell away as a normal leg regrew in its place; next moment, the magical eyeball had popped out of the man's face as a real eye replaced it; it rolled away across the floor and continued to swivel in every direction. Harry saw a man lying before him, pale-skinned, slightly freckled, with a mop of fair hair. He knew who he was. He had seen him in Dumbledore's Pensieve, had watched him being led away from court by the dementors, trying to convince Mr. Crouch that he was innocent†¦but he was lined around the eyes now and looked much older†¦. There were hurried footsteps outside in the corridor. Snape had returned with Winky at his heels. Professor McGonagall was right behind them. â€Å"Crouch!† Snape said, stopping dead in the doorway. â€Å"Barty Crouch!† â€Å"Good heavens,† said Professor McGonagall, stopping dead and staring down at the man on the floor. Filthy, disheveled, Winky peered around Snape's legs. Her mouth opened wide and she let out a piercing shriek. â€Å"Master Barty, Master Barty, what is you doing here?† She flung herself forward onto the young man's chest. â€Å"You is killed him! You is killed him! You is killed Master's son!† â€Å"He is simply Stunned, Winky,† said Dumbledore. â€Å"Step aside, please. Severus, you have the potion?† Snape handed Dumbledore a small glass bottle of completely clear liquid: the Veritaserum with which he had threatened Harry in class. Dumbledore got up, bent over the man on the floor, and pulled him into a sitting position against the wall beneath the Foe-Glass, in which the reflections of Dumbledore, Snape, and McGonagall were still glaring down upon them all. Winky remained on her knees, trembling, her hands over her face. Dumbledore forced the mans mouth open and poured three drops inside it. Then he pointed his wand at the mans chest and said, â€Å"Ennervate.† Crouch's son opened his eyes. His face was slack, his gaze unfocused. Dumbledore knelt before him, so that their faces were level. â€Å"Can you hear me?† Dumbledore asked quietly. The man's eyelids flickered. â€Å"Yes,† he muttered. â€Å"I would like you to tell us,† said Dumbledore softly, â€Å"how you came to be here. How did you escape from Azkaban?† Crouch took a deep, shuddering breath, then began to speak in a flat, expressionless voice. â€Å"My mother saved me. She knew she was dying. She persuaded my father to rescue me as a last favor to her. He loved her as he had never loved me. He agreed. They came to visit me. They gave me a draft of Polyjuice Potion containing one of my mother's hairs. She took a draft of Polyjuice Potion containing one of my hairs. We took on each other's appearance.† Winky was shaking her head, trembling. â€Å"Say no more. Master Barty, say no more, you is getting your father into trouble!† But Crouch took another deep breath and continued in the same flat voice. â€Å"The dementors are blind. They sensed one healthy, one dying person entering Azkaban. They sensed one healthy, one dying person leaving it. My father smuggled me out, disguised as my mother, in case any prisoners were watching through their doors. â€Å"My mother died a short while afterward in Azkaban. She was careful to drink Polyjuice Potion until the end. She was buried under my name and bearing my appearance. Everyone believed her to be me.† The man's eyelids flickered. â€Å"And what did your father do with you, when he had got you home?† said Dumbledore quietly. â€Å"Staged my mother's death. A quiet, private funeral. That grave is empty. The house-elf nursed me back to health. Then I had to be concealed. I had to be controlled. My father had to use a number of spells to subdue me. When I had recovered my strength, I thought only of finding my master†¦of returning to his service.† â€Å"How did your father subdue you?† said Dumbledore. â€Å"The Imperius Curse,† Moody said. â€Å"I was under my fathers control. I was forced to wear an Invisibility Cloak day and night. I was always with the house-elf. She was my keeper and caretaker. She pitied me. She persuaded my father to give me occasional treats. Rewards for my good behavior.† â€Å"Master Barty, Master Barty,† sobbed Winky through her hands. â€Å"You isn't ought to tell them, we is getting in trouble†¦.† â€Å"Did anybody ever discover that you were still alive?† said Dumbledore softly. â€Å"Did anyone know except your father and the house-elf?† â€Å"Yes,† said Crouch, his eyelids flickering again. â€Å"A witch in my father's office. Bertha Jorkins. She came to the house with papers for my father's signature. He was not at home. Winky showed her inside and returned to the kitchen, to me. But Bertha Jorkins heard Winky talking to me. She came to investigate. She heard enough to guess who was hiding under the Invisibility Cloak. My father arrived home. She confronted him. He put a very powerful Memory Charm on her to make her forget what she'd found out. Too powerful. He said it damaged her memory permanently.† â€Å"Why is she coming to nose into my masters private business?† sobbed Winky. â€Å"Why isn't she leaving us be?† â€Å"Tell me about the Quidditch World Cup,† said Dumbledore. â€Å"Winky talked my father into it,† said Crouch, still in the same monotonous voice. â€Å"She spent months persuading him. I had not left the house for years. I had loved Quidditch. Let him go, she said. He will be in his Invisibility Cloak. He can watch. Let him smell fresh air for once. She said my mother would have wanted it. She told my father that my mother had died to give me freedom. She had not saved me for a life of imprisonment. He agreed in the end. â€Å"It was carefully planned. My father led me and Winky up to the Top Box early in the day. Winky was to say that she was saving a seat for my father. I was to sit there, invisible. When everyone had left the box, we would emerge. Winky would appear to be alone. Nobody would ever know. â€Å"But Winky didn't know that I was growing stronger. I was starting to fight my father's Imperius Curse. There were times when I was almost myself again. There were brief periods when I seemed outside his control. It happened, there, in the Top Box. It was like waking from a deep sleep. I found myself out in public, in the middle of the match, and I saw, in front of me, a wand sticking out of a boys pocket. I had not been allowed a wand since before Azkaban. I stole it. Winky didn't know. Winky is frightened of heights. She had her face hidden.† â€Å"Master Barty, you bad boy!† whispered Winky, tears trickling between her fingers. â€Å"So you took the wand,† said Dumbledore, â€Å"and what did you do with it?† â€Å"We went back to the tent,† said Crouch. â€Å"Then we heard them. We heard the Death Eaters. The ones who had never been to Azkaban. The ones who had never suffered for my master. They had turned their backs on him. They were not enslaved, as I was. They were free to seek him, but they did not. They were merely making sport of Muggles. The sound of their voices awoke me. My mind was clearer than it had been in years. I was angry. I had the wand. I wanted to attack them for their disloyalty to my master. My father had left the tent; he had gone to free the Muggles. Winky was afraid to see me so angry. She used her own brand of magic to bind me to her. She pulled me from the tent, pulled me into the forest, away from the Death Eaters. I tried to hold her back. I wanted to return to the campsite. I wanted to show those Death Eaters what loyalty to the Dark Lord meant, and to punish them for their lack of it. I used the stolen wand to cast the Dark Mark into the sky. â€Å"Ministry wizards arrived. They shot Stunning Spells everywhere. One of the spells came through the trees where Winky and I stood. The bond connecting us was broken. We were both Stunned. â€Å"When Winky was discovered, my father knew I must be nearby. He searched the bushes where she had been found and felt me lying there. He waited until the other Ministry members had left the forest. He put me back under the Imperius Curse and took me home. He dismissed Winky. She had failed him. She had let me acquire a wand. She had almost let me escape.† Winky let out a wail of despair. â€Å"Now it was just Father and I, alone in the house. And then†¦and then†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Crouch's head rolled on his neck, and an insane grin spread across his face. â€Å"My master came for me. â€Å"He arrived at our house late one night in the arms of his servant Wormtail. My master had found out that I was still alive. He had captured Bertha Jorkins in Albania. He had tortured her. She told him a great deal. She told him about the Triwizard Tournament. She told him the old Auror, Moody, was going to teach at Hogwarts. He tortured her until he broke through the Memory Charm my father had placed upon her. She told him I had escaped from Azkaban. She told him my father kept me imprisoned to prevent me from seeking my master. And so my master knew that I was still his faithful servant – perhaps the most faithful of all. My master conceived a plan, based upon the information Bertha had given him. He needed me. He arrived at our house near midnight. My father answered the door.† The smile spread wider over Crouch's face, as though recalling the sweetest memory of his life. Winky's petrified brown eyes were visible through her fingers. She seemed too appalled to speak. â€Å"It was very quick. My father was placed under the Imperius Curse by my master. Now my father was the one imprisoned, controlled. My master forced him to go about his business as usual, to act as though nothing was wrong. And I was released. I awoke. I was myself again, alive as I hadn't been in years. â€Å"And what did Lord Voldemort ask you to do?† said Dumbledore. â€Å"He asked me whether I was ready to risk everything for him. I was ready. It was my dream, my greatest ambition, to serve him, to prove myself to him. He told me he needed to place a faithful servant at Hogwarts. A servant who would guide Harry Potter through the Triwizard Tournament without appearing to do so. A servant who would watch over Harry Potter. Ensure he reached the Triwizard Cup. Turn the cup into a Portkey, which would take the first person to touch it to my master. But first -â€Å" â€Å"You needed Alastor Moody,† said Dumbledore. His blue eyes were blazing, though his voice remained calm. â€Å"Wormtail and I did it. We had prepared the Polyjuice Potion beforehand. We journeyed to his house. Moody put up a struggle. There was a commotion. We managed to subdue him just in time. Forced him into a compartment of his own magical trunk. Took some of his hair and added it to the potion. I drank it; I became Moody's double. I took his leg and his eye. I was ready to face Arthur Weasley when he arrived to sort out the Muggles who had heard a disturbance. I made the dustbins move around the yard. I told Arthur Weasley I had heard intruders in my yard, who had set off the dustbins. Then I packed up Moody's clothes and Dark detectors, put them in the trunk with Moody, and set off for Hogwarts. I kept him alive, under the Imperius Curse. I wanted to be able to question him. To find out about his past, learn his habits, so that I could fool even Dumbledore. I also needed his hair to make the Polyjuice Potion. The other ingredients were easy. I stole boom-slang skin from the dunge ons. When the Potions master found me in his office, I said I was under orders to search it.† â€Å"And what became of Wormtail after you attacked Moody?† said Dumbledore. â€Å"Wormtail returned to care for my master, in my father's house, and to keep watch over my father.† â€Å"But your father escaped,† said Dumbledore. â€Å"Yes. After a while he began to fight the Imperius Curse just as I had done. There were periods when he knew what was happening. My master decided it was no longer safe for my father to leave the house. He forced him to send letters to the Ministry instead. He made him write and say he was ill. But Wormtail neglected his duty. He was not watchful enough. My father escaped. My master guessed that he was heading for Hogwarts. My father was going to tell Dumbledore everything, to confess. He was going to admit that he had smuggled me from Azkaban. â€Å"My master sent me word of my father's escape. He told me to stop him at all costs. So I waited and watched. I used the map I had taken from Harry Potter. The map that had almost ruined everything.† â€Å"Map?† said Dumbledore quickly. â€Å"What map is this?† â€Å"Potter's map of Hogwarts. Potter saw me on it. Potter saw me stealing more ingredients for the Polyjuice Potion from Snape's office one night. He thought I was my father. We have the same first name. I took the map from Potter that night. I told him my father hated Dark wizards. Potter believed my father was after Snape. â€Å"For a week I waited for my father to arrive at Hogwarts. At last, one evening, the map showed my father entering the grounds. I pulled on my Invisibility Cloak and went down to meet him. He was walking around the edge of the forest. Then Potter came, and Krum. I waited. I could not hurt Potter; my master needed him. Potter ran to get Dumbledore. I Stunned Krum. I killed my father.† â€Å"Noooo!† wailed Winky. â€Å"Master Barty, Master Barty, what is you saying?† â€Å"You killed your father,† Dumbledore said, in the same soft voice. â€Å"What did you do with the body?† â€Å"Carried it into the forest. Covered it with the Invisibility Cloak. I had the map with me. I watched Potter run into the castle. He met Snape. Dumbledore joined them. I watched Potter bringing Dumbledore out of the castle. I walked back out of the forest, doubled around behind them, went to meet them. I told Dumbledore Snape had told me where to come. â€Å"Dumbledore told me to go and look for my father. I went back to my father's body. Watched the map. When everyone was gone, I Transfigured my father's body. He became a bone†¦I buried it, while wearing the Invisibility Cloak, in the freshly dug earth in front of Hagrid's cabin.† There was complete silence now, except for Winky's continued sobs. Then Dumbledore said, â€Å"And tonight†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I offered to carry the Triwizard Cup into the maze before dinner,† whispered Barty Crouch. â€Å"Turned it into a Portkey. My master's plan worked. He is returned to power and I will be honored by him beyond the dreams of wizards.† The insane smile lit his features once more, and his head drooped onto his shoulder as Winky wailed and sobbed at his side.